Juniperus virginiana L.
Family: Cupressaceae
eastern red-cedar
Juniperus virginiana image
Robert R. Kowal  
Juniperus virginiana image
Matthew L. Wagner  
Juniperus virginiana image
University of Wisconsin - Madison (WIS-VP)  
Etymology: Juniperus: Latin name for juniper
Plants: prostrate, mat perennial, evergreen shrub
Leaves: mostly scales, some needles in whorls of 3
Fruits: blueish, up to 3/8" diameter berry
Habitat: dry; in sandy soil
Usually a plant of open habitats such as blufftops and rocky ridges, cliffs, rock outcrops (open or thinly wooded), dry prairies, roadsides and roadcuts, old quarries, gravel pits, mine waste piles, sandy and rocky waste areas, fields, hillsides, pastures, sand barrens, alvars, open areas of the Niagara Escarpment, oak barrens, talus slopes, dry sandy river outwash plains, and cedar glades.  Also found in dry forests of sugar maple-basswood-red oak, oak-basswood-pine, pine-oak, hemlock-sugar maple-paper birch, jack pine-black oak-red maple.

This species has certainly become more common since pre-settlement times when fire restricted plants to high cliffs and blufftops.  Since the suppression of fire, red cedar has readily invaded open dry areas, especially dry prairies, and led to succession in these habitats.  In the Driftless Area, high ridgetops with scattered, large, old oaks and understories of thick red cedar and oak saplings are a common sight and are a good example of this landscape change.  The cedar glades of Curtis (1959) are different from the cedar glades of the southeastern United States.  The former are better called cedar thickets and are probably the result of fire suppression rather than a unique community.  Open patches within the thickets often still support dry prairie species, attesting to their past status.  These habitats are restricted to rocky bluffs, cliffs, and areas along major rivers where natural firebreaks existed.  Eastern red cedar occurs mostly south of the Tension Zone and seems under-collected in some counties; it is native in a few areas to the north, such as the alvars of Brown Co.  Wisconsin’s oldest known tree is an eastern red cedar, growing on the Niagara Escarpment, that is over 1,300 years old.

Juniperus virginiana image
Matthew L. Wagner  
Juniperus virginiana image
Robert W. Freckmann  
Juniperus virginiana image
Robert W. Freckmann  
Juniperus virginiana image
Darrin Kimbler  
Juniperus virginiana image
Emmet J. Judziewicz  
Juniperus virginiana image
Paul Drobot  
Juniperus virginiana image
Paul Drobot  
Juniperus virginiana image
Paul Drobot  
Juniperus virginiana image
John M. Schoeneker  
Juniperus virginiana image
Darrin Kimbler  
Juniperus virginiana image
Robert W. Freckmann  
Juniperus virginiana image
Derek Anderson  
Juniperus virginiana image
Derek Anderson  
Juniperus virginiana image
Derek Anderson  
Juniperus virginiana image
Derek Anderson  
Juniperus virginiana image
Botanical Illustration  
Juniperus virginiana image
Know Your Trees  
Juniperus virginiana image
Botanical Illustration  
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image
Juniperus virginiana image