Habitat:
Sandy roadside of disturbed ground next to a pine forest stand with jack and red pines (Pinus banksiana, P. resinosa) and Hill's oak (Quercus ellipsoidalis)-some white birch (Betula papyrifera) and quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides); understory shrubs; hazelnuts (Corylus spp.), early blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) and brambles (Rubus spp.); common shrubs; bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinium), starflower (Trientalis borealis), and rice grass (Oryzopsis spp.).